Henry Fayol - The French Mining Engineer. The 14 Principals of Management.

1. DIVISION OF WORK :

Fayol assumes that the division of work permits reduction in the number of objects to which attention and effort must be directed has been recognized as the best means of making use of individuals and groups.
Fayol consider that the specialization is the best way to use the human recourses of the organization.

AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY :

Fayol defined Authority as the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience.
Responsibility defined as valiantly accepted and born merits some reflection; it is a kind of courage everywhere much appreciated.
Naturally the responsibility is a consequence of authority and authority essential counterpart.
As well as Fayol founds that the good leader should possess and infuse into those around him encourage to accept the responsibility.

DISCIPLINE :

Any work or organization it’s need a collective energies of personnel. Discipline is what leaders make it as well it’s the respect for agreements which are directed at reaching obedience, sanction should be applied through these agreements to support  this collective effort.

UNITY OF COMMAND :

Fayol assumes that all the employees should take the order or command just only from one superior, avoiding from the dual command which is leading to conflicts among superiors.

UNITY OF DIRECTION :

One head and one plan for group of activities having the same objectives. It must not be confused with unity of command. Fayol assumes that the unity of direction (one head one plan) is a scale for organized work of the group by the body cooperates. 

SUBORDINATION OF INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS TO THE GENERAL INTERESTS:

The general interest of the work must excel on the individual interest through concerted efforts to achieve the desired goals of the work. 

REMUNERATION OF PERSONNEL : 

There must be wages for individuals ,wages should be fair as much as possible for the services provided by individuals;,there are factors given for estimating the value of the worker by the employer.
Fayol gave a great importance to the method of payment and it estimated significant effect on business progress and described it as" thorny problem".
Fayol discussed several payment methods used for the workers, junior managers and higher manager according to these methods, we see that there is no integrated system or a standard practice in Payment Methods.

CENTRALIZATION :

Centralization and decentralization vary mainly how big of the enterprise or organization and the quality of individuals. Fayol defined centralization as the extent of participation for subordinates in decision making.

SCALAR CHAIN :

As Fayol defined the scalar chain as the line of authority, Hierarchy from ultimate authority to lowers levels, Hierarchy is very important to keep the unity of direction later communication between superiors is also essential to proceed swiftly and simply. 

ORDER:

Fayol found that order has two divisions (material and social order) and both are necessary for the organization.
Material order: there should be suitable and definite place for each item and every place to be effectively used and specific activity and product to avoiding loss in material and time 
Social order: choosing and appointed the right person in the right job. There should be a specific place for each employee to be easy contacted in need region. 

EQUITY :

Equity means combination of kindliness and justice .The employees should be treated fair and kind and the employer should be fair while dealing with subordinates.

STABILITY OF TENURE OF PERSONNEL :

Arranged enough of time for the training period for new employees and stop any unnecessary job position movement on this period otherwise the time and effort spent on the training the employee will go waste.  And this was what Fayol appointed to that time is required for an employee to get used to a new work and succeed to doing it well if he is removed before the he will not be able to render worthwhile services. Stability of job, employees and employers creates a team spirit and belongingness among employees which ultimately increase the formation of the work. 

INITIATIVE :

Managers should encourage employees to initiative with freedom. Initiative gives more zeal energy to all levels of personnel and much more development to the work. Initiative is the power of thinking out and executing.

ESPRIT DE CORPS: 

Management should encourage harmony and general good feeling among employees 
. Fayol suggests that “real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person’s abilities, and reward each one’s merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relation”.